HCC research explores IO-based combinations, locoregional-systemic integration, and treatment sequencing by liver function and tumor burden.
Phase 3 TORCH trial (241 patients, two tertiary centers in China, enrolled 2015-2024) randomized adults with unresectable, liver-confined, intermediate-stage (BCLC stage B) hepatocellular carcinoma 1:1 to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus sequential radiofrequency ablation versus TACE alone.
A pooled, secondary mixture-cure-model analysis of three mature Phase III trials (HIMALAYA, CheckMate 9DW, RATIONALE-301) plus a large real-world cohort estimates how many patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) achieve durable, cure-like outcomes on first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) regimens.